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RabbitMQ在Windows环境下的安装与使用指南

1. 环境搭建

安装完成后，确保以下软件版本匹配：

• Python 3.10.16
• pip 24.2
• Django 4.2
• pika 1.3.2
• celery 5.4.0
• 其他依赖项如amqp 5.3.1、asgiref 3.8.1等保持一致

2. 创建Django项目

运行以下命令启动项目：

django-admin startproject django_rabbitmq

3. RabbitMQ配置

在Django项目的settings.py中添加以下配置：

BROKER_URL = 'amqp://guest:guest@localhost:15672/'CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND = 'rpc://'

4. RabbitMQ消息队列模式

4.1 简单模式

4.1.1 消息消费者（consumer.py）

import pikadef callback(ch, method, properties, body):    print(f"[x] Received {body.decode()}")def start_consuming():    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))    channel = connection.channel()    channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')    channel.basic_consume(queue='hello', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=True)    print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')    channel.start_consuming()if __name__ == "__main__":    start_consuming()

4.1.2 消息生产者（producer.py）

import pikadef publish_message():    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))    channel = connection.channel()    channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')    message = "Hello World!"    channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hello', body=message)    print(f"[x] Sent '{message}'")    connection.close()if __name__ == "__main__":    publish_message()

运行命令：

python consumer.pypython producer.py

4.2 消息持久化模式

4.2.1 安全消费者（recv_msg_safe.py）

import timeimport pikadef callback(ch, method, properties, body):    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)    time.sleep(20)    print(" [x] Done")    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)def start_consuming():    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))    channel = connection.channel()    channel.queue_declare(queue='hello2', durable=True)    channel.basic_consume(queue='hello2', on_message_callback=callback, auto_ack=False)    print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')    channel.start_consuming()if __name__ == "__main__":    start_consuming()

4.2.2 安全生产者（send_msg_safe.py）

import pikadef publish_message():    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))    channel = connection.channel()    channel.queue_declare(queue='hello2', durable=True)    channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='hello2', body='Hello World!',                         properties=pika.BasicProperties(delivery_mode=2))    connection.close()if __name__ == "__main__":    publish_message()

运行命令：

python recv_msg_safe.pypython send_msg_safe.py

4.3 广播模式

4.3.1 广播消费者（fanout_receive.py）

import pikadef callback(ch, method, properties, body):    print(" [x] %r" % body)def start_consuming():    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))    channel = connection.channel()    channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')    result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True)    queue_name = result.method.queue    channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name)    print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')    channel.basic_consume(on_message_callback=callback, queue=queue_name, auto_ack=True)    channel.start_consuming()if __name__ == "__main__":    start_consuming()

4.3.2 广播生产者（fanout_send.py）

import pikaimport sysdef publish_message():    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))    channel = connection.channel()    channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout')    message = ' '.join(sys.argv[1:]) or "info: Hello World!"    channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', routing_key='', body=message)    print(" [x] Sent %r" % message)    connection.close()if __name__ == "__main__":    publish_message()

运行命令：

python fanout_receive.pypython fanout_send.py

4.4 组播模式

4.4.1 组播消费者（direct_recv.py）

import pikaimport sysdef callback(ch, method, properties, body):    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))def start_consuming():    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))    channel = connection.channel()    channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')    result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True)    queue_name = result.method.queue    binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]    if not binding_keys:        sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [info] [warning] [error]\n" % sys.argv[0])        sys.exit(1)    for severity in binding_keys:        channel.queue_bind(exchange='direct_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=severity)    print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')    channel.basic_consume(on_message_callback=callback, queue=queue_name)    channel.start_consuming()if __name__ == "__main__":    start_consuming()

4.4.2 组播生产者（direct_send.py）

import pikaimport sysdef publish_message():    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))    channel = connection.channel()    channel.exchange_declare(exchange='direct_logs', exchange_type='direct')    routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'info'    message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'    channel.basic_publish(exchange='direct_logs', routing_key=routing_key, body=message)    print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))    connection.close()if __name__ == "__main__":    publish_message()

运行命令：

python direct_recv.py infopython direct_send.py info

4.5 更细致的Topic模式

4.5.1 Topic消费者（topic_recv.py）

import pikaimport sysdef callback(ch, method, properties, body):    print(" [x] %r:%r" % (method.routing_key, body))def start_consuming():    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))    channel = connection.channel()    channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')    result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True)    queue_name = result.method.queue    binding_keys = sys.argv[1:]    if not binding_keys:        print("sys.argv[0]", sys.argv[0])        sys.stderr.write("Usage: %s [binding_key]...\n" % sys.argv[0])        sys.exit(1)    for binding_key in binding_keys:        channel.queue_bind(exchange='topic_logs', queue=queue_name, routing_key=binding_key)    print(' [*] Waiting for logs. To exit press CTRL+C')    channel.basic_consume(on_message_callback=callback, queue=queue_name)    channel.start_consuming()if __name__ == "__main__":    start_consuming()

4.5.2 Topic生产者（topic_send.py）

import pikaimport sysdef publish_message():    connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))    channel = connection.channel()    channel.exchange_declare(exchange='topic_logs', exchange_type='topic')    routing_key = sys.argv[1] if len(sys.argv) > 1 else 'anonymous.info'    message = ' '.join(sys.argv[2:]) or 'Hello World!'    channel.basic_publish(exchange='topic_logs', routing_key=routing_key, body=message)    print(" [x] Sent %r:%r" % (routing_key, message))    connection.close()if __name__ == "__main__":    publish_message()

运行命令：

python topic_recv.py infopython topic_send.py info

4.6 Remote Procedure Call (RPC) 模式

4.6.1 RPC客户端（rpc_client.py）

import pikaimport uuidimport timeclass FibonacciRpcClient:    def __init__(self):        self.response = None        credentials = pika.PlainCredentials('guest', 'guest')        self.connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))        self.channel = self.connection.channel()        result = self.channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True)        self.callback_queue = result.method.queue        self.channel.basic_consume(queue=self.callback_queue, auto_ack=True, on_message_callback=self.on_response)        def on_response(self, ch, method, props, body):        if self.corr_id == props.correlation_id:            self.response = body    def call(self, n):        self.corr_id = str(uuid.uuid4())        self.channel.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key='rpc_queue',                               properties=pika.BasicProperties(reply_to=self.callback_queue, correlation_id=self.corr_id),                               body=str(n))        while self.response is None:            self.connection.process_data_events()            time.sleep(0.5)        return int(self.response)fibonacci_rpc = FibonacciRpcClient()response = fibonacci_rpc.call(5)print(" [.] Got %r" % response)

4.6.2 RPC服务器（rpc_server.py）

import pikaimport timedef fib(n):    if n == 0:        return 0    elif n == 1:        return 1    else:        return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2)def on_request(ch, method, props, body):    n = int(body)    print(" [.] fib(%s)" % n)    response = fib(n)    ch.basic_publish(exchange='', routing_key=props.reply_to,                   properties=pika.BasicProperties(correlation_id=props.correlation_id),                   body=str(response))channel = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))channel.channel.queue_declare(queue='rpc_queue')channel.basic_consume(queue="rpc_queue", auto_ack=True, on_message_callback=on_request)print(" [x] Awaiting RPC requests")channel.start_consuming()

运行命令：

python rpc_server.pypython rpc_client.py

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